As you will already be aware, responsibility for the UK’s telecommunications network is reserved to the UK Government, with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology being the lead government department.

The move to digital-based services is an industry-led decision and process. The decision to upgrade the legacy PSTN network is driven by the increasing fragility of the 40-year old analogue landline technology and the increased difficulty in maintaining the current network, due to reduced availability of replacement parts and the reduction of expertise in these analogue systems.

Critical Systems

The Scottish Government continue to work across the full range of SG Directorates to ensure all sectoral areas and their relevant stakeholders are informed and have plans in place to mitigate any potential impacts of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) switch off.

Additionally, we have ensured that external responder agencies and categorised responders are appropriately briefed on the potential impacts by facilitating information sessions with telecoms operators.

We continue to work with industry, UK Government, the regulator (Ofcom) and other devolved governments through the Electronic Communications – Resilience and Response Group (EC-RRG) whose aim is to develop and maintain cooperation between the Communications Sector and Government on issues regarding resilience and emergency planning.

Telecare

Since 2018 we have had a local government programme under way to navigate and support migration of the telecare provision to 140,000 citizens across Scotland, in advance of the PSTN migration from analogue to digital.

Telecare providers across local authorities and housing associations have made excellent progress with more than 60% of lines and equipment now being fully digital. All telecare providers are engaged with the national programme and progressing their individual update programmes. In addition to this, a national call handling platform for telecare is being deployed, using the latest digital and cloud technology. As of November 2025, 18 organisations with more than 90,000 connections in total are delivering call handling services through this solution. While there is currently no concern with the migration plans of any telecare provider, the Digital Telecare Programme remains alert to the potential risk to the individual telecare users, who are often considered very vulnerable. There is a raised risk profile for those telecare users in rural areas for whom SIM-enabled devices may not be an option for continued telecare service from January 2027. Early mitigation of this, or alternative solutions, are being explored continuously.

As you will already be aware, responsibility for the UK’s telecommunications network is reserved to the UK Government, with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology being the lead government department.

The move to digital-based services is an industry-led decision and process. The decision to upgrade the legacy PSTN network is driven by the increasing fragility of the 40-year old analogue landline technology and the increased difficulty in maintaining the current network, due to reduced availability of replacement parts and the reduction of expertise in these analogue systems.

Universal Service Obligations

It is worth noting that the PSTN migration does not affect the Universal Service Obligations set in the Electronic Communications (Universal Service) Order 2003, which require the designated providers to offer telephony services throughout the UK, and providers will remain bound by their existing statutory responsibilities.

Ofcom, the independent telecoms regulator, has issued guidance on how telecoms companies can fulfil their regulatory obligation to ensure that their VoIP customers have access to the emergency services in such circumstances. This guidance states that providers should have at least one solution available that enables access to emergency organisations for a minimum of one hour in the event of a power outage in the premises. The solution should be suitable for customers’ needs and should be offered free of charge to those who are at risk as they are dependent on their landline.

You can read Ofcom’s full guidance at the following links:

Guidance: Protecting access to emergency organisations when there is a power cut at the customer’s premises - Ofcom

Moving landline phones to digital technology: what you need to know - Ofcom

Customers who are not eligible for a free resilience solution should be able to request one but their provider may charge for it. Customers who are moving to VoIP services and are reliant on their landline should discuss their situation and requirements for a back-up solution with their provider before they are moved on to VoIP services.

PSTN Charter

You may be pleased to learn that on the 18 December 2023 a number of Communications Providers signed a Public Switched Telephone Network charter, where signatories (full list at link below) commit to the following:

1. We will not undertake any non-voluntary migrations to digital landlines, until we have full confidence that we are taking all possible steps to protect vulnerable people through the migration process.

2. No telecare users will be migrated to digital landline services without us, the customer, or the telecare company confirming that they have a compatible and functioning telecare solution in place.

3. Where battery back-up solutions are provided, we will work to provide solutions that go beyond the Ofcom minimum of 1 hour of continued, uninterrupted access to emergency services in the event of a power outage.

4. We will collectively work with Ofcom and Government to create a shared definition of vulnerable customer groups that require greater support, specific to the digital landline migration.

5. We will conduct additional checks on customers who have already been non-voluntarily migrated to ensure they do not have telecare devices we were unaware of, and if they do, ensure suitable support is provided.

Public Switched Telephone Network charter - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

We continue to work with industry, UK Government, the regulator (Ofcom) and other devolved governments through the Electronic Communications – Resilience and Response Group (EC-RRG) whose aim is to develop and maintain cooperation between the Communications Sector and Government on issues regarding resilience and emergency planning.

Whilst the Scottish Government does not have any specific options that provide financial incentives for landowners to accommodate beaver wetlands, there are grant schemes that could be used to support complimentary and positive beaver management.

Agri-Environment Climate scheme (AECS) options could be used to for the creation and management of wetlands, water margins, and flood plain management. For example, if the edge of a field next to a burn or drainage channel regularly floods where beavers are present, having a larger water margin could help to reduce ongoing conflicts. For larger areas or naturally wet corners, wetland management options could be considered.

The Nature Restoration Fund (NRF) may also be able to provide financial support for suitable habitat creation or restoration particularly at a collaborative project, catchment or landscape level.

Through the NRF, the Scottish Government is committed to providing £65 million additional funding from 2021 to 2026 for projects that will restore nature, safeguard wildlife and tackle the causes of biodiversity loss and climate change.

Although outcomes related explicitly to beavers or wetlands are not specified, the priority themes of the NRF would permit the creation of this kind of habitat e.g:

• Habitat and species restoration - management for enhancement and connectivity.
• Freshwater restoration, including restoration of natural flows in rural catchments.

Scottish Forestry Grant Scheme also offers funding through the Woodland Creation and Woodland Improvement Grants for the creation of new woodlands and the sustainable management of existing woodlands. Payment rates relate to the kind of woodland being created, each of which has a prescribed planting density. A higher rate can be paid if the woodland is in a target area such as a Woodlands for Water and the Forestry Grant Scheme | Scottish Forestry target area.

For Woodland Improvement Grants specifically, the aim of this option is to provide capital grants for a range of activities that will:

• encourage natural regeneration and benefit priority habitats and species
• increase species and structural diversity through low impact silvicultural systems management
• support the preparation of forest and / or management plans that set out management objectives for the woodland
• improve the biodiversity, resilience, and structural diversity of even aged woodlands

Going forward, NatureScot will work with the Scottish Beaver Advisory Group (SBAG) to ensure there is continued support available to land managers for beaver mitigation and to influence the design of future schemes to support land managers in making space for nature and building ecosystem resilience.

NatureScot has also produced guidance which provides further details on these schemes on what existing measures could be used in support of living with beavers

Beaver Mitigation - Support through Government grant schemes | NatureScot.

Any land manager, farmer or crofter wishing to discuss positive beaver management should contact beavers@nature.scot for further advice.

NatureScot Peatland ACTION undertakes compliance checks of peatland restoration projects post completion on a sample basis each year. The latest check of 24 sites identified herbivore impacts (from low to high) linked to deer populations on 5 of these sites with some, limited, reparation required. None of the sites where high damage has occurred have left the overall site at serious risk. High damage is in all cases extremely localised e.g. several square meters within a much bigger site (50ha+).

To manage the risk of deer populations impacting sites, and ensure the appropriate use of public funding, the Peatland ACTION partnership assesses the potential impact that deer may have on all projects prior to issuing grant offers. This includes consideration of a range of associated information e.g. deer population counts and trend data, and deer management plans which cover the area in question. As part of all Peatland ACTION contractual agreements landowners accept the responsibility to repair damage caused by deer across the restoration area. This is not done at a cost to the public purse.

Support for landowners to manage deer is available through the Peatland Training Fund and through the Agri-Environment and Climate Scheme.

Our Heat in Buildings Programme offers a wide variety of schemes that provide funding to reduce heat demand and decarbonise heat in our homes and buildings.

The Scottish Government currently offers loan funding of up to £5,000 for solar thermal installations through the Home Energy Scotland (HES) Grant and Loan Scheme. No grant or loan support is available for solar PV installations through the scheme, however, targeted support for this measure is available through our Warmer Homes Scotland and our Area Based Schemes, where scheme specific criteria are met.

Currently, the Scottish Government does not plan to review the level of support available for solar thermal installations through the HES Grant and Loan scheme.

Our Heat in Buildings Programme offers a wide variety of schemes that provide funding to reduce heat demand and decarbonise heat in our homes and buildings.

The most common use for solar thermal technology is in providing domestic hot water heating only. Whilst it can provide space heating, for this reason, it was described as a secondary technology within the Heat in Buildings Strategy.

For homeowners seeking to install solar thermal technology to their home, up to £5,000 of loan funding is available through the Home Energy Scotland (HES) Grant and Loan scheme. Solar thermal is also funded through our national fuel poverty scheme, Warmer Homes Scotland (WHS), where specific criteria are met.

No funding is available for solar PV systems through the HES Grant and Loan Scheme, however targeted deployment of this technology is funded through the WHS programme and Area Based Schemes.

Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are calculated in Scotland and the rest of the UK by an approved methodology for both new and existing buildings. The current methodology for assessing new domestic buildings is the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) and for existing domestic buildings is Reduced data SAP (RdSAP).

The presence of solar thermal installations is assessed as part of the SAP methodology and so its installation would improve the EPC rating by reducing the heat required from the main heating system and so reduce the cost of heating hot water. Solar Domestic Hot Water systems can also appear as a recommendation automatically generated as part of an EPC assessment.

As stated in the answer to question S6W-41965 on 27 November 2025, the Scottish Government intends to adopt the Home Energy Model (HEM) methodology as the basis for calculating the ratings on a domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The reformed domestic EPC will contain a new Heating System Rating. We expect solar thermal systems will largely operate as part of a hybrid system with other technologies. This will be reflected in the rating awarded. Our intended Heating System Rating bandings were published in the updated Government Response on 10 October. This can be found at: Supporting documents - Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Regulations 2025 - EPC reform consultations: SG response - update - gov.scot.

All answers to written Parliamentary Questions are available on the Parliament's website, the search facility for which can be found at https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/written-questions-and-answers.

As in the Chief Planner letter dated 27 August 2020, the Scottish Government considers that a battery storage installation generates electricity and is therefore to be treated as a generating station for the purposes of deciding whether Section 36 consent is required. This position has not changed. The letter can be accessed at: Battery storage consents: Chief Planner letter August 2020 - gov.scot.

The 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy sets out the role of solar thermal technology, which can help to supplement the supply of hot water.

Our Heat in Buildings Programme offers a wide variety of schemes that provide funding to reduce heat demand and decarbonise heat in our homes and buildings. This includes loan support for the installation of solar thermal systems through the Home Energy Scotland Grant and Loan scheme. There are no planned changes regarding the funding for solar thermal systems.

As stated in the answer to question S6W-41965 on 27 November 2025, the Scottish Government intends to adopt the Home Energy Model (HEM) methodology as the basis for calculating the ratings on a domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The reformed domestic EPC will contain a new Heating System Rating. We expect solar thermal systems will largely operate as part of a hybrid system with other technologies. This will be reflected in the rating awarded. Our intended Heating System Rating bandings were published in the updated response: 1. Overview - Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Regulations 2025 - EPC reform consultations: SG response - update - gov.scot to the 2023 Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) reform consultation and 2025 technical consultation.

All answers to written Parliamentary Questions are available on the Parliament's website, the search facility for which can be found at https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-committees/written-questions-and-answers.

LFASS is an area-based payment under article 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 focuses on providing financial support to farmers operating in areas that face natural or other specific constraints.

The eligibility is contained within The Less Favoured Area Support Scheme (Scotland) Regulations 2010 which were developed and approved by the European Union at that time.

The Less Favoured Area Support Scheme (LFASS) in Scotland excludes farmers and crofters without livestock because the scheme is designed to support active farming activity, defined primarily through minimum stocking density requirements linked to specific types of livestock farming. The Scottish Government has assessed this approach against EU Rural Development Regulation Article 31 and concluded that the livestock-based activity test is consistent with EU rules.

The use of livestock requirement is within the discretion allowed by EU RDRs, to focus support on the predominant and necessary farming systems (grazing) in naturally constrained areas to prevent land abandonment.

Scottish Government remains fully committed to co-developing the future payment framework of the four-tier support system. We will work with our farmers, crofters and stakeholders to ensure we bring them with us on our journey to deliver the vision for agriculture in a way which ensures a just transition to make Scotland a world leader in sustainable and regenerative agriculture.